The Buddhist theory of the causes of illnesses

The Vimalakīrtinirdeśa Sutra states:

Mañjuśrī, illness does not exist from the beginning, [384/a] but arises from being activated through improper activities and arises from the affliction of false conceptuality. Ultimately, here there is no phenomena at all to call an “ailment.” If it is asked why, there is no owner or creator for these elements of this body that arises from the four great elements. There is no self in the body. Ultimately, there is no illness that can be perceived that is not included in clinging to a self. That being the case, there is no self to which to cling and the root of disease exists in all consciousnesses.